Kiln and furnace for burning brick



4Sheets-Sheet l. J. 0. GULBERTSON & W.'Av. EUDALY. KILN AND FURNACE FORBURNING BRICKS, TILES, &c.

(No Model.)

Patented July 10. 1883.

4 Sheets-Sheet 2. SON & W. A. EUDALY. OR BURNING BRICKS, TILES, 8w.

Patented July 10 1883.

(No ModeI.)

J. G. OULBERT KILN AND FURNACE F y ,j z

W W20, m w V (No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 3.

J. 0. GULBERTSON & W. A. EUDALY. KILN AND FURNACE FOR BURNING BRICKS,TILES, &o.

No. 281,029. Pate nted July 10, 1883.

WITNESSES TERS. fiMvLilfiagr-when Washington D a (No Model.)

I 4 Sheets-Sheet 4. W. A. EUDALY.

J. 0. GULBERTSON 8:?

me BRICKS, TILES, 8m.

KILN AND FURNACE 'FOR BURN N0. 281

Patented July 10 M PETiRS. Pimoulm w. wmm zw. n. c.

UNITED STATES PATENT flrricn.

. JAMES C. CULBERTSON AND WILLIAM A. EUDALY, OF CINCINNATI, OH IO.

KILN AND FURNACE FORBURNING BRICK, TlLE, 84.0.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 281,029, dated July 10,1883.

Application filed May 18, 1893v (No model.) I

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, JAMES C. CULBER'rsoN and XVILLIAM A. EUDALY,citizens of the United States, residing at Cincinnati, in the county ofHamilton and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Kilns and Furnaces for Burning Brick, Tile, Pottery, andother Ceramic Products, of which the following is a specification,reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings.

Our invention relates to the class known as kilns and furnaces forburning brick, tile, pot-1 tery, and all kinds of ceramic products, andhas for its objects the equal distribution of heat in the kiln, economyof fuel and labor,

I and the prevention of smoke.

To these ends our invention consists- First, in providing a kiln-wallwith oblong vertical funnel-shaped openings, situated with reference tothe kiln near the bottom'of the wall, with the flaring ends facingoutward, so as to form a kind of nozzle through which the heat isadmitted into the kiln.

Second, inproviding a kiln -wall with oblong vertical fines, contractedin the center from side to side and flaring at each end, so as to form acentrally-' contracted throat, through which the heat passes in enteringthe kiln proper.

Third, in providing kiln-furnaces with long narrow vertical influentair-ducts, situated above the grate-bars in the sides of the firebox andflues. These ducts are so arranged as to be adapted to admit externalair in thin sheets or waves directly from the sides of the furnace, orthey may be connected with airchambers situated in the sides and bottomof the fire-box.

Fourth, in providing akiln with furnaces, having in the rear ends of thefire-box a narrow vertical flue flaring at each end, the sides of which.resemble in appearance equal arcs of a circle with the convex sidesfacing the center. In this way a centrally contracted throat is formed,through which the particles of combustion are made-to pass on theirexitto a rear or adjoining distributing-chamber. By this arrangement thegaseous matter and flames from the firebox are focalized or impingedupon each other so as to be intimately mixed, and are immediatelyreleased by the flaring rear ends of said flue. In this Way a kind ofsuction is formed which adds to the draftof the furnace and aids incarrying the heat directly to the center or opposite side of the kiln.

Fifth, in providing a kiln-furnace with a number of narrow openingssituated in the sides and bottom of the centrally-contracted flue.

Sixth, in providing a kiln-furnace with airchambers in the sides andbottom of the centrally-contracted fine, and connected with the externalair by airduets controlled by damp ers.

Seventh, in providing a kiln with furnaces having distributingchambersin the rear of and adjoining to the contracted flue, and joining to andextending along the side of the kiln, so as to cover one or more oblongfunnelshaped openings in the kiln-wall. Said chamber, when covering twoor more openings in the kiln-wall, should be constructed with the topcurving downward from each end to the center, or to a point opposite themouth of the centrally-contracted flu e.

Eighth, in providing a kiln-furnace with a hollow wall situated insideof the distribut-.

ing-chamber, at right angles with the contracted flue. Said wall isconstructed with a curved top ascending from each end to the center, orto a point opposite the mouth of the centrally-contracted flue, so as toform, in co1n bination with the curved top of said chamber, a horizontalflue or opening extending the entire length of said chamber, and verymuch contracted in the center, or at a point opposite thecentrally-contracted flue in the end of the fire-box.

Ninth, in providing a kiln with narrow openings situated in the sides ofthe oblong vertical flues in the kiln-wall.

Tenth, in providing a kiln with air-chainbers at the sides of the oblongvertical flues in the kiln-wall, said flues being connected with theexternal. air by air'ducts controlled IOO In said drawings, Figure 1represents a perspective view of the interior of the furnace constructedin accordance with our invention, the front, arched top, and one side ofthe furnace being removed, except that part designated as thedistributing-chamber. Fig. 2 represents a transverse section of thefire-box, f

drawn through at the line 3/ y of Figs. 4 and 5. Fig. 3 represents atransverse section of the contracted flue and air-chambers on each side,

drawn through at the line 2 z of Figs. 4 and 5.

Fig. 4 represents a horizontal longitudinal sec-V tion drawn in the sameplane with the bottom of the contracted flue at the line as m of Fig. 2.Fig. 5 represents a longitudinal vertical section drawn through at theline b b of Figs. 2, 3, and 4. Fig. 6 represents a longitudinalverticalsection drawn through at the line w wof Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4.Fig. 7 represents the distributingchamber with curved top, the. hollowwall with curved top, and the oblong f unf nel-shaped openings in thekiln-wall. Fig. 8 represents the oval-topped hollow wall and sections ofthe openings in the top, sides, and ends of the same. tive view of ourfurnaces covering but onearch in the, kiln-wall, the oblong verticalcentrally,

contracted flues in the kiln-wall, and the. slits and air-chambers atthe. sides of said flue. connected with the external air by airductscontrolled by. dampers.

K represents the. kiln.

WV represents the. kiln-wall. D represents the distributing chamber,having a concave curved top.

H represents the hollow wall, having an oval or curved top, and situatedinside of the distributing-chamber.

M represents the centrally-contracted flue, situated in the end of thefire-box.

F represents the fire-box, and A the.ash-pit. s 3 represent the longnarrow Vertical influent air-passages in each side of the fire-box v 1)represent the air-chambers in each sidev of the firebox.

chambers 11 o, and are controlled by dampers.

a, controlled by dampers, is such to be from the opposite sides ofthefirebox in, cross sections and in thin vertical sheets orwavesat anystage of combustion and at any height from.

the grate-bars.

c (3 represent theopenings in thesidesot the. contracted flue M.c'represents the. openings in the bottom of said flue.

0 0 represent the. air-chambers at the. sides and bottom of saidcontracted flue, andm m represent the. air-ducts connecting saidairchambers "with the external air, and are. controlled by dampers.

The contracted flueM, in combination with. the air-passages e e and'c,ainehambers o and air-ducts m m, controlled by dampersfoim T ar Fig. 9represents a perspec-.

a number of small 3' et-pumps,which are-adapted h adh it ir hea be a vey hi h t p ture into saidflueat such points as the es eaping products ofcombustion are made to "converge. In this way the carbon and gasesrising from the fire-box are thoroughly comng ed wi h bxyeen b f r entng th di tributing-chamber, which insures more perfect combustion andgives'an additional impetus to the draft. I

g represents the openings in the top and sides of the hollow wall H. isrepresents the air-chamber in said wall.

it represent the air-ducts connecting the airchamber k with the externalair, and are con trolled by dampers.

v p esen h Obl ng un elap p ihs n t e SflJl-Whll i F st.

reprbhbht th beht el hbr d e 1 etchin s i the kiln-wall of he 'hhe ebbsh r are bet e adapt d t k street-hobo arch sb Qp h gh ihthe jk lh d alih lqbfi l b a si fhr a e as '1 shbwh hhh e. 5-, Thhbrhhmgs are tt heartd. be av he? a u n c h at arch in the kiln, as shown in Fig. 9. arepresent the rhihgs i t e s de Of the Qbht r hbhh tbd u o t r at in. th

k ln-v. i 0! r pr ents. th rhambers at t hles the fi th o et h theki aan ar 2: connected with the external by ducts m m, which are c ntro ledby, dampers- S id. Q

b a yhtrhbteh 1 1 O c said p ni 3 nd. id bhh h hhebte 5 with theexternal air by ducts m m, controlled by damp h bbm ha bhw th f nac fare. adapted air heated toa very high '1 temperature into. said; fine orarch, so. to me h c ntact wi h y hhc u Par lb fi om ustio s aping m th r-b x th u h bhh ehb t hr hh b n t e i hwrep eht pen s n e t p of e i siut gb hmbe Dbrr ah c r pohslk I ing tothenumber of funnel-shapedopenings or n 11, represent the ainducts leading to the air- 1 afbhesinthe kiln-wall. These openings are H a erbbh h be ii i cbhhl edhtwi for h The combination of the furnace. with. theairq 1 passages s s,air-chambers c v, and ductsn pnrpose of introducing ashes or otherforeign shb .9 i: 7 ?$3 3f lb i c es or fun e Shhbbh Qbeh hshs; 01* awater amp r Q1. v lv hey be sbdh, n. hiswhy-b h a enter n he kiln ay epart a y o n i lyb t f or t may e al ow d b ht h t ne p -ht and not atanother, to suitthe different stages of b mble, he bi e.

mrepre e b PEEP-71.191937. oc t ew thre n e t he hhhe rs ared ope s inthe k h-wh l a d the fi hnhhh n, such m n a be a bw, the oper to e hw-te i n at he dsb a h ahbhite xem h nd. b r hi h-th bthbebfz bur i g h khi n the. hbhflifib em t w hhihgs o th ur ac L Qhamb h hhd; flues, TheQbehh. hbf, hh hhhhce 0 QW,S= lThe am. irm. he Oppos t si esf i h t bbhidfi es in. c n ac W hth ar bn LII and gases as they rise from the fuel,and, be-. ing admitted in thin vertical sheets or waves at differentheights, (which varies always in proportion-to the depth of fuel on thegrate bars,) readily oommingles with'the flames. The commingled mass isthen drawn into the contracted fine in curved lines. In passing throughsaid fine the flames come in contact with the heated air in the openingsin the sides and bottom of said flue, so as to form a series ofjet-pumps. The products of com bustion are in this way supplied withoxygen in proper quantities and heated to the temperature necessary toinsure perfect combustion. The flames are then thrown in cross-sectionsfrom the flaring mouth of said flue against the wall H, by which theyare divided and thrown upward and outward into the top of thedistributing-chamber. They then dive or descend to the opposite side ofsaid wall H, where they converge toward and enter thefunnel shapedopenings in the kiln-wall, and are again met bythe air from the openingsin the sides of the fines in the kiln-wall. By opening the ducts m and'nand closing the ducts t t the draft is increased and the heat isdriven through the oblong funnel-shaped openings 1: and r into thecenter or opposite side of the kiln. By closing ducts m and n and doors(Z d and open ing' the ducts t t and m m the draft is out oif and theheat rises immediately after passing through the openings 1' r in thekilirwall. Ive can by this arrangement close the draft in one furnaceand open it in the one at the opi positeside of the kiln, and in thisway drive all the heat to either end of the arches in the kiln, whichinsures uniformity in size and hardness.

When our furnaces are properly constructed, we seldom have smoke enoughto interferewith drying off properly, and as we allow nothing but thepure flames to enter the kiln, the brick burned by this method are freefrom discoloration.

\Ve claim b 1 our invention to burn success the vertlcal air-ducts s sand ducts c c and 0,

fully almost entirely with bituminous coal, slack, or any of theinterior or cheaper kinds of fuel. The partsof the kiln and furnace mostexposed to the heat should be constructed of the best fireproofmaterials.

Having thus described our invention and the best means at present knownto us for carrying the same into eifect, we do not desire to be confinedto the exact construction and arrangement shown, as many modificationsmay be made of the same without departing from the spirit of ourinvention.

W'hat we desire to secure by Letters Patent 1. A kiln having itswallsprovided with oblong funnel-shaped openings for the admission of theheating and burning agent, substantially as and for the purpose'setforth.

2. A kiln having its walls provided with oblong openings orperforations, saidopenings being centrally contracted and flaring ateach end, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

3. A kiln-wall provided with air slits or openings situated in the sidesof the fines 'r 9 substantially as and for the purpose specified.

4. In a kiln air-chamber, 0 0, situated at the sides of the fines r a",connected with the external air by air-ducts m m, controlled by dampers,substantially as and for the purpose specified.

5. In combination with a kiln-wall, the oblong fiues r r, theair-passages e e, and the airchamhers o 0, connected with the externalair by ducts m m, adapted to be controlled by dampers, substantially asand for the purposes 6. In a kiln-furnace, the centrally-contracted flueM, flaring at each of its ends, substantially as and for the purposesspecified.

7. In a kiln-furnace, the distributing-chamber D, extending over one ormore arches in the kilnwall, and having a downwardlycurved top,substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

sages, e e and c, situated in the side and bottom of the contracted flueM, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

10. A kiln-furnace provided with air-chain hers situated in the rear ofthe fire-boxand at the sides and bottom of the contracted flue M,

connected with the external air by airdncts tially as and for thepurposes specified.

12. The combination, in a kiln-furnace, of

the centrallycontracted throat M, the airchambers v c and 0 0, andair-ducts m m and a a, controlled by dampers, substantially as and forthe purposes specified.

13. In combination with a kiln, a furnace having in the side of thefire-box air-passages s s, a centrally-contracted flue, M, in the rearof the fire-box, air-passages e c and c, and airchambers 0 0 in the sideof said flue, a dis tributing-chamber, D, as described.

14. In combination with a kiln, a furnace having in therear of thefirebox a centrallycontraeted fine connecting the fire-box with adistributing-chamber, D, a hollow wall, H, sit uated inside of saidchamber, with openings 9 g, air-chamber 7c, and air-ducts t t,controlled by dampers, substantially as set forth.

15. In combination with a kiln-furnace, a distributingchamber, D, havingin the top opposite and corresponding to each arch in the kiln openings(4 a and side openings, i 1', substantially as and for the purposes setforth.

16. In a kiln, a furnace having aprimary com bustion-chamber, a rearcombustion and dis tributing chamber, D, and a dividingwval-l having inits center a flaring mouth-flue, in combination with oblongfunnel-shaped openings in the kiln-wall, substantially as and for thepurposes specified.

17. A furnace for supplying heat to kilns and for other purposes,consisting of a contracted throat flaring at its front and rear ends,provided with elongated air-supply slits, in combination with a rearthroat of similar char aeter, the said throats forming an intermediandother purposes, consisting of the doublecontracted throat with theintermediate com- 20 bustion-chamber, in combination with independentcontrolled air-supply ducts, substantially as described' 19. A furnacefor generating heat for kilns and other purposes, consisting of a"double- 25 contracted throat having flaring front and rear ends, andprovided with elongated air-supply slits, and having the intermediategas-commingling and combustion chamber, in combination with the reardividing-wall, as de-' 0 scribed.

In testimony whereof we afiiX our signa tures in presence of twowitnesses.

JAMES C. OULBERTSON. W; A. EUDALY.

Witnesses:

' L. W. PIERCE,

CHAS. LSHORT.

